In article <9s1pnv8h432ord4i7icgjla37t99tsl6s3@4ax.com>, David Patrick says...

First you say the debunkers are winning and then you say they're in
massive retreat.

Patty, as usual you twist the facts.  Secondly, your slip is showing.
And finally, you are a COMPLETE idiot, not a very good debunker
and a poor representation of a human being!!

I have exposed (and has Brian Z.) many spOOks,
military contractors and weapon lab employees
on this group.  It wouldn't surprise me if  you
were one of them.  Now move along and take
the rest of you CULT of Useful Idiots with you.


CIA & PAPERCLIP

Date: Thu, 08 May 1997 13:54:10 -0400
From: Kathleen Sullivan

Citations from Linda Hunt's book on the Nazi incursions on domestic soil
after WW II:

pp.125-129 - "The cold war led to a major expansion of the German
scientist operation. Heretofore, Paperclip was limited to German and
Austrian scientists who worked for the U.S. military. But beginning in the
summer of 1947, a new JIOA project lifted those constraints. Code-named
'National Interest,' the individuals brought to the United States under
this program ran the gamut from Nazi scientists, including a convicted
Nazi war criminal, to East Europeans involved in CIA covert operations
overseas. The sole standard for these transfers was that they be deemed in
the national interest.

"National Interest operated on two levels. The more visible level included
the cases of German or Austrian scientists employed by universities,
defense contractors, or private industry. Their entry was considered to be
in the national interest simply because it kept them from going to work
for the Russians.

"The second level was heavily cloaked in secrecy, and for good reason. The
CIA and military intelligence used the project to bring intelligence
sources or other assets to the United States, where they were given a safe
haven in exchange for their services. In 1948 many of these individuals
were of interest to the Office of Policy Coordination (OPC), the early
covert action arm of the CIA, given the authority by Truman to conduct
what is known in the intelligence trade as 'dirty tricks.' To put it
bluntly, Project National Interest provided the escape mechanism to a
haven in the United States that OSS chief William Donovan had wanted
President Roosevelt to approve in 1944.

"National Interest policy assumed that all of these persons normally would
have been barred from entry under U.S. immigration laws because of past
Nazi or Communist party membership. Therefore, their entry was facilitated
by the ninth proviso of the U.S. immigration law, which gave the attorney
general the authority to admit cases with military implications or those
affecting national security. The CIA cases were covered by a section in
the CIA Act of 1949, which allowed U.S. entry of up to one hundred
individuals a year 'without regard to their inadmissibility under the
immigration or any other laws...' The JIOA Governing Committee approved
the entry in the CIA cases and passed the names on to the attorney general
for approval.

"The aliens in National Interest, like those in Paperclip, were sent to
Canada and reentered the United States as resident aliens. Numerous
historians and journalists have told the now-famous story of how Wernher
von Braun and other Paperclip scientists were sent to Canada or Mexico and
then reentered America. Yet not one has so much as mentioned the
illegality of this or that Canadian officials were furious about it, since
entry into Canada of these Nazis violated their own immigration laws."

"...the Canadians suspected that U.S. and British intelligence falsified
background checks sent to the RCMP of Nazi scientists and 'defectors' who
were resettled in Canada in the 1950's. Following a 1981 investigation,
Canadian officials uncovered evidence that some of these men were Nazi war
criminals. As a result the Canadians thoroughly distrusted background
checks conducted by the CIA and British intelligence."

"Prevailing myth has it that the first group in National Interest, the
German scientists, were employed solely because of their scientific
expertise. But there were other reasons as well. First, defense
contractors and universities could hire German scientists for
substantially less money then they could hire American employees."

"Second, because of the Joint Chiefs of Staff connection with the National
Interest project, German scientists could obtain necessary security
clearances more easily than could American scientists. Defense contractors
looking for new employees to work on classified <!> projects found this
aspect of National Interest to be particularly advantageous. By 1957, more
than sixty companies were listed on JIOA's rosters, including Lockheed, W.
R. Grace and Company, CBS Laboratories, and Martin Marietta.

"Originally the JIOA was concerned that National Interest would compete
with Paperclip. This problem was solved by offering the military the first
option to hire a German scientist on the JIOA's list. If the military was
not interested in the individual, his name was added to the JIOA's
National Interest roster and his services were offered to universities or
corporations. The JIOA figured that it would be easy to keep private
employers from hiring Paperclip scientists away from the military, since
the JIOA could pull their federally funded research or defense contracts
if they got out of line.

"The scientists who worked for universities or corporations were
originally 'sponsored' by either the Department of Commerce or the
Department of Defense (Army, Air Force, or Navy). The Department of
Commerce even sent its own recruiters to Germany...the sponsor provided a
convenient cover to conceal the CIA-OPC connection.

"National Interest placed German scientists at major universities in
research or teaching positions, regardless of their Nazi pasts. Even the
U.S. Office of Education helped the JIOA send fliers to universities all
over the country touting the advantages of hiring the Germans on federally
financed researched projects, since they could obtain security clearances
more easily than Americans. The University of Texas, Washington University
School of Medicine in St. Louis, Missouri, and Boston University were
among the participants.

"The universities never even questioned whether Nazi professors might
impart a skewed view of democracy or otherwise harm young students. And
university officials certainly were aware that these men were Nazis, since
their Nazi affiliations were noted on their resumes. In 1948, a
representative of the University of North Carolina told the JIOA how
pleased he was to hve three Germans, including engineer Adolf von
Hoermann, working at the university and thanked the JIOA for its
representations that the Germans had been screened. The JIOA's screening
had revealed that von Hoermann was 'a convinced adherent of the National
Socialistic ideology' and had been a member of the Nazi party and four
other Nazi organizations during the war."

pp. 130-132 - "In addition to hard-core Nazis, National Interest cases
included former members of the Communist party and the Italian Fascist
party."

"Even convicted Nazi war criminals were accepted under the project. Otto
Ambros's case is by far the most brazen example of how National Interest
circumvented U.S. immigration laws. The fact that W. R. Grace and Company,
headed by J. Peter Grace, employed Ambros as a consultant for decades is
well known. But newly declassified JIOA and U.S. Army documents shed new
light on this sordid affair.

"During the war, Ambros was a director of I. G. Farben, the chemical
company that owned a firm that manufactured Zyklon B, the gas used to kill
millions of Jews in the camps. Ambros took part in the decision to use
Zyklon B in the gas chambers and personally selected Auschwitz as the site
of an I. G. Farben factory, which he later managed..."

"I. G. Farben also manufactured nerve gas that was used in poison gas
experiments on Auschwitz prisoners. These experiments, conducted in secret
laboratories at I. G. Farben factories, were used to determine how fast
nerve gas would kill Allied soldiers."

"Ambros was found guilty of slavery and mass murder at Nuremburg, but he
was sentenced to a mere eight years' imprisonment...the JIOA kept Ambros's
name on JIOA hiring lists -- even during his imprisonment. These lists
were significant, since they contained the names of German scientists who
had been cleared for employment under various JIOA and British projects.
In addition, these Germans' families received benefits, including food
supplements, not available to average German citizens.

"In 1951, General Clay's successor, the High Commissioner of Germany
(HICOG), John McCloy, released from prison many convicted Nazi war
criminals, including Ambros. The Nazi chemist immediately was hired as a
consultant by Grace, Dow Chemical, and other American companies, as well
as the U.S. Army Chemical Corps under a consultancy project that was run
administratively in Germany by HICOG -- conveniently the same agency whose
chief had just set Ambros free. The full details of Ambros's consultancy
with the U.S. military are unknown. The effect of the work, however, is
abundantly clear. During the time that Ambros was a consultant, the
chemical corps, using Auschwitz documents as a guide, conducted the same
type of poison gas experiments that had been done in the secret I. G.
Farben laboratories. This time, however, the experiments were conducted at
Edgewood Arsenal, Maryland, and the unfortunate guinea pigs were more than
seven thousand American soldiers."

"The CIA's tremendous influence on National Interest and Paperclip has
been ignored prior to this book. The CIA was formed as a separate
intelligence agency as a result of the National Security Act of 1947. A
year later, the Office of Policy Coordination began operating as the CIA's
covert action arm, headed by Frank Wisner, formerly chief of OSS
operations in the Balkans during World War II."

p. 137-140 - "The next case on the National Interest covert action roster
involved an Italian immigrant, Angelica Balabanoff, who helped the CIA
secretly instigate a major upheaval in the Italian government that laid
the groundwork for the successful election of CIA-backed candidates in
1948. Here the CIA, with the help of Wisner and other individuals,
conducted full-scale clandestine political warfare. The CIA's dirty tricks
were financed by $10 million in cash obtained from the U.S. Treasury's
Exchange Stabilization Fund, which consisted of captured Nazi assets,
including money and valuables that the Nazis had stolen from the Jews.
Ironically, Samuel Klaus originally had helped locate this loot while
working on the Safe-haven project, designed to stop Nazis from smuggling
their assets out of Germany. The CIA funneled millions of dollars to
Italian centrist political candidates. Circumstantial evidence indicates
that CIA money backed Italy's Premier Alcide de Gasperi and a group of
right-wing Socialists headed by Giuseppe Saraget. The CIA also financed
media blitzes in the Italian press, supported armed goon squads used to
intimidate the voters, and published leaflets that smeared Communist
candidates as being Fascists and sex perverts. The money was funneled
through various fronts, including the Vatican, which is known to have
helped smuggle numerous Nazi war criminals, including Klaus Barbie, to
South America.

"...The National Interest project not only provided <Balabanoff's> reentry
with no questions asked but allowed her to come and go between the United
States and Italy at will in order to participate in the scheme."

p. 143-144 - "Argentina was a hotbed of fascism in exile. Nazi fugitives
on the run arrived by the boatloads in Buenos Aires, carrying false papers
provided by pro-Nazi Catholic priests who helped them travel Vatican
escape routes to freedom in South America. Croatian Nazis, Italian
Fascists, and a Norwegian Nazi doctor charged with conducting experiments
on humans all arrived in Buenos Aires carrying their "irregular"
documentation."

"America's changing views included a policy to allow German scientists
hired by 'friendly nations' -- including Argentina -- to legally leave the
U.S. zone of Germany and relocate in South America."

pp. 162-166 - "In 1949 the direction of Edgewood's work abruptly changed.
A consultant to the Chemical Division at EUCOM sent information about an
amazing drug, LSD, that caused hallucinations and suicidal tendencies in
humans. As a result, Edgewood's L. Wilson Greene seized the idea of
conducting 'psychochemical warfare.' He listed sixty-one compounds,
ranging from alcohol to mescaline, and speculated that if a small
percentage of the enemy's troops or civilian population was exposed to
those compounds they would suffer from symptoms of hysteria, panic,
seizures, and hallucinations. 'There can be no doubt that their will to
resist would be weakened greatly, if not entirely destroyed, by the mass
hysteria and panic which would ensue,' Greene noted in his report. He then
suggested that $50,000 be set aside in the 1950 budget to study
psychochemicals.

"Ironically, Greene was trying to find a more humane way to wage war --
one that would disable an enemy rather than kill him. But the CIA and
military intelligence had a more sinister idea. They thought
psychochemicals could be used as a cold war weapon to control the mind of
an individual being interrogated."

"The intelligence agencies' key sources of information on anything related
to chemical warfare were German or Austrian scientists who had worked for
I. G. Farben..."

"...the big question that preoccupied both Army intelligence and the CIA:
could drugs or hypnosis, or a combination of both, serve as the ultimate
mind-control weapon, sufficient to turn a man into a 'Manchurian
Candidate'...?

"A combined CIA-military intelligence project code-named 'Bluebird' and
later renamed 'Artichoke' was set up to find the answers to those
questions. Significantly, the key military intelligence agency involved
with this project -- the Joint Intelligence Committee -- had been involved
in Paperclip from the beginning. The JIC members included U.S. Army
Director of Intelligence Alexander Bolling and Brigadier General John
Alexander Samford, the chief of Air Force intelligence who later headed
the National Security Agency.

"In addition to Bluebird, the CIA also began several mind-control projects
of its own, including project MK-ULTRA, which involved LSD and other
psychochemicals."

"The link between Edgewood and the CIA was close. Many scientists who
worked at Edgewood or under Edgewood contracts were on the CIA's payroll.
Paperclip chemist Friedrich Hoffman was a CIA consultant on
psychochemicals. Dr. Ray Treichler was simultaneously assistant to the
director of Edgewood's Medical Laboratories, the division in charge of
human experimentation at the base, and a member of the CIA's Technical
Services Staff (TSS), which was involved in the covert use of chemicals
and germs against specific people. Psychiatrist Harold Abramson was a CIA
consultant involved in the Olson case who also worked for Edgewood."

"By 1951, in the midst of the Korean War, the Paperclip scientists'
primary job was to locate plants and poisons that could be turned into new
hallucinogenic mind-control drugs. To find them <Seymour> Silver
established an industrian liaison operation that was in contact with every
major pharmaceutical company in the world."

"Paperclip scientist Hoffmann's skills as a chemist and his facility in
several languages quickly were put to use...Hoffmann's search led him all
over the world. He traveled to foreign universities and visited marine
labs and attended conferences in Switzerland, Czechoslovakia, Germany,
England, Australia, Japan, and other countries."

"Hoffman often used the University of Delaware as a cover at international
symposiums to hide his connection to Edgewood and the CIA. In fact,
Hoffman had collaborated with William Mosher, the chairman of the
unversity's chemistry department, and another scientist, on an article
about marijuana for the "Journal of the American Chemical Society." But
Mosher's chemistry department itself may have been a CIA front. Mosher had
been on the CIA's payroll for years, and another University of Delaware
professor, James Moore, was heavily involved in the CIA's MK-ULTRA project
as well as being funded openly by the Army Chemical Corps. 'We were all
being paid by the CIA,' Moore said recently."

"Bluebird made full use of Hoffmann's discoveries with psychochemicals in
experiments conducted at Edgewood or the Army intelligence base at Fort
Holabird, Maryland. The participation of the CIA and JIC in the project
was kept hidden by using a University of Maryland contract with Edgewood
as a cover. At least a thousand soldiers, including James Stanley, were
given up to twenty doses of LSD to test the drug as a possible
interrogation weapon -- even though Edgewood scientists already knew it
could cause serious physical reactions in humans."

pp. 170- - "The legacy of Paperclip...was set now that Edgewood had made
its pact with the devil. The drug experimentation project quickly expanded
to include psychiatric patients, who were drugged, shocked, and hypnotized
in psychochemical experiments conducted under Army contracts with numerous
universities and other institutions.

"Some of the experiments duplicated those conducted by the Nazi doctors in
the concentration camps. American psychiatrist Paul Hoch's experiments on
mental patients at the New York Psychiatric Institute, where he was
working under Edgewood contracts as a CIA consultant, killed one patient
and seriously injured another...even after <one of the patients'> death,
the Army approved additional experiments on patients that included the use
of hypnosis, drugs, and a polygraph exam to determine if 'a particular
personality type might 'break' more rapidly under a drug stress than
another type' during military interrogations.

"In short, experiments on our own soldiers at Edgewood mirrored the horror
stories that had unfolded in the dock at Nuremberg. Thousands of American
soldiers, seven thousand of them between 1955 and 1975 alone, were used as
unwitting guinea pigs in the tests. They were gassed, maced, and drugged
in the search for the ultimate mind-control weapon."

"...a 1975 investigation by the Army's inspector general determined that
'in spite of clear guidelines concerning the necessity for 'informed
consent,' there was a willingness to dilute and in some cases negate the
intent of the policy.' The inspector general's report noted that soldiers
who were duped into volunteering to test chemical warfare clothing and gas
masks were then secretly given nerve gas, psychochemicals, incapacitating
agents, and hundreds of other experimental and dangerous drugs. They were
given no information about the chemicals used on them in the experiments,
no warning that those chemicals might harm them, and no follow-up medical
exam to determine whether they had been hurt by the tests."

"Twenty years would pass before Stanley <one of the soldiers> finally
learned the truth. And when he did, his observation about what had
happened at Edgewood was chillingly close to the mark. 'It was just like
nazism to do me that way,' he said.

"He didn't know how right he was."

From:  alex@directnet.com (Alex Constantine)