On Mon, 03 Nov 2003 13:40:33 +1100, Phillip Brown wrote:
On Fri, 31 Oct 2003 11:45:52 +0000, Ed Conrad wrote:
<
<
The Big Bang, the Scientific Establishment's theory of the birth of the
universe, is nothing more than pseudoscientific nonsense in another of
its vain, arrogant attempts to display its omnscience.
Once again, the pseudoscientists are out in left field regarding a
realistic response to a monumental question, therefore pull a ludicrous
theory out of their hat
<
The fact is, theBig Bang has been reduced to shreds by just one
photograph, that of the "Hubble Deep Field."
http://www.edconrad.com/images/istherereally.jpg
And you can be sure, the Scientific Establishment very much regrets
that it was ever taken.
For years, the corupt Pseudoscientific Establishment has been jamming
gobs of gibberish down our throat but this one photograph has certainly
set them back on their heels, although it won't admit it.. You see, the
mindboggling photo was taken long after their facetious theory of the
Big Bang was first proposed -- at a time that no one had any idea of
the unfathomable size and scope of the universe.
The manufacture of such pablum decades ago -- long before the "Deep
Field" photo -- could, indeed, have been accepted, with a grain of salt
as being, well, remotely possible. But certainly not afterward,
especially when it is fact, not fiction, that the scope and size of our
universe is even beyond anyone's wildest imagination .
To know for sure there is a stupendous array of galaxies in ALL
directions, far from what the best conventional telescopes previoulsy
had seen, presents even ANOTHER question that no scientist can answer:
Just how immense is our universe, and does it ever end?
That a Big Bang could've even been remotely responible for the
existence of our universe is sheer folly, and to promulgate such
fiction and fantasy is pseudoscientism at its best. < And, be assured,
when the Hubble someday likewise focuses on a teeny-weeny dark patch of
sky as shown in the "Hubble Deep Field" photo -- if the
Pseudosscientific Establishment can't prevent it from being taken -
there will be a similiar scene of unfathomable magnificience, probably
more majestic galaxies than are in the original "Deep Field" photo
itself.
Those patheic pseudoscieniss keep forgetting the words of the late,
great Thomas Alva Edison:
"We don't know one-tenth
of one percent about anything."
Ed Conrad
http://www.edconrad.com
<
Man as Old as Coal
Hubble Deep Field
Hubble's deepest-ever view of the universe unveils myriad galaxies back
to the beginning of time Several hundred never before seen galaxies are
visible in this "deepest-ever" view of the universe, called the Hubble
Deep Field (HDF), made with NASA's Hubble Space Telescope. Besides the
classical spiral and elliptical shaped galaxies, there is a bewildering
variety of other galaxy shapes and colors that are important clues to
understanding the evolution of the universe. Some of the galaxies may
have formed less that one billion years after the Big Bang.
Representing a narrow "keyhole" view all the way to the visible horizon
of the universe, the HDF image covers a speck of sky 1/30th the diameter
of the full Moon (about 25% of the entire HDF is shown here). This is so
narrow, just a few foreground stars in our Milky Way galaxy are visible
and are vastly outnumbered by the menagerie of far more distant
galaxies, some nearly as faint as 30th magnitude, or nearly four billion
times fainter than the limits of human vision. (The relatively bright
object with diffraction spikes just left of center may be a 20th
magnitude star.) Though the field is a very small sample of sky area it
is considered representative of the typical distribution of galaxies in
space because the universe, statistically, looks the same in all
directions.
The image was assembled from many separate exposures (342 frames total
were taken, 276 have been fully processed to date and used for this
picture) with the Wide Field and Planetary Camera 2 (WFPC2), for ten
consecutive days between December 18 to 28, 1995. This picture is from
one of three wide-field CCD (Charged Coupled Device) detectors on the
WFPC2.
This "true-color" view was assembled from separate images were taken in
blue, red, and infrared light. By combining these separate images into a
single color picture, astronomers will be able to infer -- at least
statistically -- the distance, age, and composition of galaxies in the
field. Bluer objects contain young stars and/or are relatively close,
while redder objects contain older stellar populations and/or farther
away.
Credit: Robert Williams and the Hubble Deep Field Team (STScI) and NASA
Image files in GIF and JPEG format and captions may be accessed on
Internet via anonymous ftp from ftp.stsci.edu in /pubinfo.
Higher resolution digital versions (300dpi JPEG) of the release
photographs will be available temporarily in /pubinfo/hrtemp: 96-01a.jpg
and 96-01b.jpg (color) 96-01aBW.jpg and 96-01bBW.jpg (black and white).
PHOTO NO.: STSCI-PRC96-01a
January 15, 1996
http://quest.arc.nasa.gov/hst/press/press15-1.html
CONTACT: Ray Villard
Space Telescope Science Institute, Baltimore, MD (Phone: 410-338-4514;
Internet: villard@stsci.edu)
Dr. Robert Williams
Space Telescope Science Institute, Baltimore, MD (Phone: 410-338-4710)
PRESS RELEASE NO.: STScI-PR96-01
HUBBLE'S DEEPEST VIEW OF THE UNIVERSE UNVEILS BEWILDERING GALAXIES ACROSS
BILLIONS OF YEARS
One peek into a small part of the sky, one giant leap back in time...
Mankind's deepest, most detailed optical view of the universe -- provided
courtesy of NASA's Hubble Space Telescope -- was unveiled today to eager
scientists at the 187th meeting of the American Astronomical Society in
San Antonio, Texas.
The image, called the Hubble Deep Field (HDF), was assembled from 342
separate exposures taken with the Wide Field and Planetary Camera 2
(WFPC2) for ten consecutive days between December 18 and 28, 1995.
Representing a narrow "keyhole" view stretching to the visible horizon of
the universe, the HDF image covers a speck of the sky only about the width
of a dime located 75 feet away. Though the field is a very small sample of
the heavens, it is considered representative of the typical distribution
of galaxies in space because the universe, statistically, looks largely
the same in all directions. Gazing into this small field, Hubble uncovered
a bewildering assortment of at least 1,500 galaxies at various stages of
evolution.
Most of the galaxies are so faint (nearly 30th magnitude or about
four-billion times fainter than can be seen by the human eye) they have
never before been seen by even the largest telescopes. Some fraction of
the galaxies in this menagerie probably date back to nearly the beginning
of the universe.
"The variety of galaxies we see is amazing. In time these Hubble data
could turn out to be the double helix of galaxy formation. We are clearly
seeing some of the galaxies as they were more than ten billion years ago,
in the process of formation," said Robert Williams, Director of the Space
Telescope Science Institute Baltimore, Maryland. "As the images have come
up on our screens, we have not been able to keep from wondering if we
might somehow be seeing our own origins in all of this. The past ten days
have been an unbelievable experience."
Harry Ferguson, one of the HDF team astronomers added: "One of the great
legacies of the Hubble Telescope will be these deep images of the sky
showing galaxies to the faintest possible limits with the greatest
possible clarity from here out to the very horizon of the universe."
The term "deep" in an astronomical sense means looking at the faintest
objects in the universe. Because the most distant objects are also among
the dimmest, the image is the equivalent of using a "time machine" to look
into the past to witness the early formation of galaxies, perhaps less
than one billion years after the universe's birth in the Big Bang.
The image data are so important (the astronomical equivalent of the Dead
Sea Scrolls, one scientist quipped) they are being made available
immediately to astronomers around the world to pursue research on the
formation of galaxies and for probing basic questions about the structure
and evolution of the universe.
Though months of detailed research and analysis lie ahead, HDF team
astronomers believe they see evidence for a significant population of
galaxies that existed when the universe was less than a billion years old.
The landmark research was carried out under Williams' direction, and using
a significant fraction of his own director's discretionary time on the
Space Telescope. He decided to conduct the Hubble Deep Field program to
use Space Telescope's exquisite resolution and high sensitivity to push
back the very limits of time and space.
Williams, and the ST ScI team he assembled to conduct the observations,
hopes it will unlock clues to fundamental cosmological questions: Will the
universe expand forever? How long ago did the first galaxies appear? How
have galaxies evolved over the life history of the universe?
Essentially a narrow, deep "core sample" of sky, the HDF is analogous to a
geologic core sample of the Earth's crust. Just as a terrestrial core
sample is a history of events which took place as Earth's surface evolved,
the HDF image contains information about the universe at many different
stages in time. Unlike a geologic sample though, it is not clear what
galaxies are nearby and therefore old, and what fraction are very distant
and therefore existed when the universe was newborn. "It's like looking
down a long tube and seeing all the galaxies along that line of sight.
They're all stacked up against one another in this picture and the
challenge now is to disentangle them," said Mark Dickinson of the HDF
team.
PLANNING TO "DIP DEEP INTO THE DIPPER"
Nearly a year of preparation preceded the observation. The HDF team
selected a piece of sky near the handle of the Big Dipper (part of the
northern circumpolar constellation Ursa Major, the Great Bear). The field
is far from the plane of our Galaxy and so is "uncluttered" of nearby
objects, such as foreground stars. The field provides a "peephole" out of
the galaxy that allows for a clear view all the way to the horizon of the
universe.
Test exposures made in early 1995 with Hubble and the 4-meter telescope at
Kitt Peak National Observatory also confirmed the field is devoid of large
galaxy clusters, which would interfere with seeing farther and fainter
objects. The target field is, by necessity, in the continuous viewing zone
(CVZ) of Hubble's orbit, a special region where Hubble can view the sky
without being blocked by Earth or interference from the Sun or Moon.
Staring at one spot in the sky for ten days, Hubble kept taking pictures
one after another for the entire exposure time, accumulating data. Each
exposure was typically 15 to 40 minutes long. Separate images were taken
in ultraviolet, blue, red, and infrared light. By combining these separate
images into a single color picture, astronomers will be able to infer --
at least statistically -- the distances, ages, and composition of the
galaxies in the HDF image.
Astronomers at ST ScI processed the frames, removing cosmic rays and other
artifacts, and put them together into one final picture. Each time they
add a picture, the view got deeper, revealing fainter objects. When they
were done they had the deepest picture ever taken of the heavens.
Follow-up observations will be conducted by a variety of ground and
space-base telescopes at other wavelengths of the electromagnetic
spectrum, from X-ray through radio. An infrared camera scheduled to be
installed in Hubble during the 1997 Servicing Mission will likely image
the field to search for even farther primeval galaxies, whose light has
been shifted to the infrared region of the spectrum by the expansion of
the universe.
*********
The Space Telescope Science Institute is operated by the Association of
Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc. (AURA), for NASA, under
contract with the Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD. The Hubble
Space Telescope is a project of international cooperation between NASA and
the European Space Agency (ESA).
Image files in GIF and JPEG format and captions may be accessed on
Internet via anonymous ftp from ftp.stsci.edu in /pubinfo.
GIF JPEG
PRC96-01a HDF WFC gif/HDFwf3.gif jpeg/HDFwf3.jpg PRC96-01b HDF
Details gif/HDFdtl.gif jpeg/HDFdtl.jpg
Higher resolution digital versions (300dpi JPEG) of the release
photographs will be available temporarily in /pubinfo/hrtemp: 96-01a.jpg
and 96-01b.jpg (color), 96-01aBW.jpg and 96-01bBW.jpg (black and white).
GIF and JPEG images, captions and press release text are available via
World Wide Web at URL http://www.stsci.edu/pubinfo/PR/96/01.html, or
http://www.stsci.eu/pubinfo/Pictures.html.
Space Telescope Science Institute press release text and other information
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