In article <al7t32$1s1v$1@pencil.math.missouri.edu>, Goldi says...
http://americanfreepress.net/09_03_02/NEW_SEISMIC_/new_seismic_.html
NEW SEISMIC DATA REFUTES OFFICIAL EXPLANATION
Two unexplained spikes in the seismic record from Sept. 11 indicate
huge bursts of energy shook the ground beneath the World Trade Centers
twin towers immediately prior to the collapse.
Exclusive to American Free Press
By Christopher Bollyn
American Free Press has learned of pools of molten steel found at the
base of the collapsed twin towers weeks after the collapse. Although the
energy source for these incredibly hot areas has yet to be explained,
New York seismometers recorded huge bursts of energy, which caused
unexplained seismic spikes at the beginning of each collapse.
These spikes suggest that massive underground explosions may have
literally knocked the towers off their foundations, causing them to
collapse.
In the basements of the collapsed towers, where the 47 central support
columns connected with the bedrock, hot spots of literally molten
steel were discovered more than a month after the collapse. Such
persistent and intense residual heat, 70 feet below the surface, in an
oxygen starved environment, could explain how these crucial structural
supports failed.
Peter Tully, president of Tully Construction of Flushing, N.Y., told AFP
that he saw pools of literally molten steel at the World Trade Center.
Tully was contracted after the Sept. 11 tragedy to re move the debris
>from the site.
Tully called Mark Loizeaux, president of Controlled Demolition, Inc.
(CDI) of Phoenix, Md., for consultation about removing the debris. CDI
calls itself the innovator and global leader in the controlled
demolition and implosion of structures.
Loizeaux, who cleaned up the bombed Alfred P. Murrah Federal Building in
Oklahoma City, arrived at the WTC site two days later and wrote the
clean-up plan for the entire operation.
AFP asked Loizeaux about the report of molten steel on the site.
Yes, he said, hot spots of molten steel in the basements.
These incredibly hot areas were found at the bottoms of the elevator
shafts of the main towers, down seven [basement] levels, Loizeaux said.
The molten steel was found three, four, and five weeks later, when the
rubble was being removed, Loizeaux said. He said molten steel was also
found at 7 WTC, which collapsed mysteriously in the late afternoon.
Construction steel has an extremely high melting point of about 2,800
degrees Fahrenheit.
Asked what could have caused such extreme heat, Tully said, Think of
the jet fuel.
Loizeaux told AFP that the steel-melting fires were fueled by paper,
carpet and other combustibles packed down the elevator shafts by the
tower floors as they pancaked into the basement.
However, some independent investigators dispute this claim, saying
kerosene- based jet fuel, paper, or the other combustibles normally
found in the towers, cannot generate the heat required to melt steel,
especially in an oxygen-poor environment like a deep basement.
Eric Hufschmid, author of a book about the WTC collapse, Painful
Questions,* told AFP that due to the lack of oxygen, paper and other
combustibles packed down at the bottom of elevator shafts would probably
be a smoky smoldering pile.
Experts disagree that jet-fuel or paper could generate such heat.
This is impossible, they say, because the maximum temperature that can
be reached by hydrocarbons like jet-fuel burning in air is 1,520 degrees
F. Because the WTC fires were fuel rich, as evidenced by the thick black
smoke, it is argued that they did not reach this upper limit.
The hottest spots at the surface of the rubble, where abundant oxygen
was available, were much cooler than the molten steel found in the
basements.
Five days after the collapse, on Sept. 16, the National Aeronautics and
Space Administration (NASA) used an Airborne Visible/Infrared Imaging
Spectrometer (AVIRIS) to locate and measure the sites hot spots.
Dozens of hot spots were mapped, the hottest being in the east corner of
the South Tower where a temperature of 1,377 degrees F was recorded.
This is, however, less than half as hot at the molten steel in the
basement.
The foundations of the twin towers were 70 feet deep. At that level, 47
huge box columns, connected to the bedrock, supported the entire gravity
load of the structures. The steel walls of these lower box columns were
four inches thick.
Videos of the North Tower collapse show its communication mast falling
first, indicating that the central support columns must have failed at
the very beginning of the collapse. Loizeaux told AFP, Everything went
simultaneously.
At 10:29 the entire top section of the North Tower had been severed
>from the base and began falling down, Hufschmid writes. If the first
event was the falling of a floor, how did that progress to the severing
of hundreds of columns?
Asked if the vertical support columns gave way before the connections
between the floors and the columns, Ron Hamburger, a structural engineer
with the FEMA assessment team said, Thats the $64,000 question.
Loizeaux said, If I were to bring the towers down, I would put
explosives in the basement to get the weight of the building to help
collapse the structure.
SEISMIC SPIKES
Seismographs at Columbia Universitys Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory
in Palisades, N.Y., 21 miles north of the WTC, recorded strange seismic
activity on Sept. 11 that has still not been explained.
While the aircraft crashes caused minimal earth shaking, significant
earthquakes with unusual spikes occurred at the beginning of each
collapse.
The Palisades seismic data recorded a 2.1 magnitude earthquake during
the 10- second collapse of the South Tower at 9:59:04 and a 2.3 quake
during the 8- second collapse of the North Tower at 10:28:31.
However, the Palisades seismic record shows thatas the collapses began
a huge seismic spike marked the moment the greatest energy went into
the ground. The strongest jolts were all registered at the beginning of
the collapses, well before the falling debris struck the Earth.
These unexplained spikes in the seismic data lend credence to the
theory that massive explosions at the base of the towers caused the
collapses.
A sharp spike of short duration is how seismologist Thorne Lay of
University of California at Santa Cruz told AFP an underground nuclear
explosion appears on a seismograph.
The two unexplained spikes are more than 20 times the amplitude of the
other seismic waves associated with the collapses and occurred in the
East- West seismic recording as the buildings began to fall.
Experts cannot explain why the seismic waves peaked before the towers
actually hit the ground.
Asked about these spikes, seismologist Arthur Lerner-Lam, director of
Columbia Universitys Center for Hazards and Risk Research told AFP,
This is an element of current research and discussion. It is still
being investigated.
Lerner-Lam told AFP that a 10-fold increase in wave amplitude indicates
a 100-fold increase in energy released. These short-period surface
waves, reflect the interaction between the ground and the building
foundation, according to a report from Columbia Earth Institute.
The seismic effects of the collapses are comparable to the explosions
at a gasoline tank farm near Newark on Jan. 7, 1983, the Palisades
Seismology Group reported on Sept. 14, 2001.
One of the seismologists, Won-Young Kim, told AFP that the Palisades
seismographs register daily underground explosions from a quarry 20
miles away.
These blasts are caused by 80,000 pounds of ammonium nitrate and cause
local earthquakes between Magnitude 1 and 2. Kim said the 1993 truck-
bomb at the WTC did not register on the seismographs because it was not
coupled to the ground.
Only a small fraction of the energy from the collapsing towers was
converted into ground motion, Lerner-Lam said. The ground shaking that
resulted from the collapse of the towers was extremely small.
Last November, Lerner-Lam said: During the collapse, most of the energy
of the falling debris was absorbed by the towers and the neighboring
structures, converting them into rubble and dust or causing other
damage but not causing significant ground shaking.
Evidently, the energy source that shook the ground beneath the towers
was many times more powerful than the total potential energy released by
the falling mass of the towers. The question is: What was that energy
source?
While steel is often tested for evidence of explosions, despite numerous
eyewitness reports of explosions in the towers, the engineers involved
in the FEMA-sponsored building assessment did no such tests.
Dr. W. Gene Corley, who investigated for the government the cause of the
fire at the Branch Davidian compound in Waco and the Oklahoma City
bombing, headed the FEMA-sponsored engineering assessment of the WTC
collapse.
Corley told AFP that while some tests had been done on the 80 pieces of
steel saved from the site, he said he did not know about tests that show
if an explosion had affected the steel.
I am not a metallurgist, Corley said.
Much of the structural steel from the WTC was sold to Alan D. Ratner of
Metal Management of Newark, N.J., and the New York-based company Hugo
Neu Schnitzer East.
Ratner, who heads the New Jersey branch of the Chi ca go-based company,
sold the WTC steel to overseas companies, reportedly selling more than
50,000 tons of steel to a Shanghai steel company known as Baosteel for
$120 per ton. Ratner paid about $70 per ton for the steel.
Other shipments of steel from the WTC went to India and other Asian
ports.
Ratner came to Metal Management after spending years with a metal
trading firm known as SimsMetal based out of Sydney, Australia.
* Painful Questions (Item# 1051, $20, 160 pages, softcover) Is available
>from First Amendment Books, 645 Pennsylvania Avenue SE, Suite 100,
Washington D.C. 20003. Call 1-888-699-6397 to order by Visa or
MasterCard.
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