| Subject: Re: How to make glass conductive |
| From: zootwoman@gmail.com |
| Date: 12/06/2005, 04:30 |
| Newsgroups: 3dfx.products.voodoobanshee,alt.guitar.amps,alt.paranet.ufo,comp.cad.cadence,comp.sys.newton.misc |
you go buy it from a chemical supplier in India or someplace or your
local granite polishing shop.
Zinc oxide is a semiconductor with a direct band gap of 3.2 eV (387 nm,
deep violet/borderline UV). A common application is in gas sensors. As
of 2003, it has been utilized in recent research to build blue LEDs and
transparent TFTs.
N-type doped films are often used in thin film technology, where zinc
oxide serves as a TCO (transparent conducting oxide). N-type doping is
possible by introduction of alumninum or by oxygen defects. Thin-film
solar cells, LCD and flat panel displays are typical applications of
this material. Zinc oxide is transparent and conductive, and can
therefore be used as a transparent electrode. Indium tin oxide (ITO) is
another transparent conducting oxide often used in microelectronics.
ZnO layers are mainly deposited by sputtering and chemical vapor
deposition (CVD). The latter method allows the growth of a rough layer,
which can diffuse the incoming light by scattering, increasing the
efficiency of solar cells.
Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zinc_oxide"
http://www.azom.com/SearchResults.asp?MaterialKeyWord=Zinc+oxide
Are you building a solar cell, self defrosting windows or what?????
Researchers at the Fraunhofer Institute for Surface Engineering and
Thin Films IST, Brunswick, Germany, have developed a process to produce
transparent, electrically conductive oxide coatings, which could prove
ideal for clearing frosted-over windscreens on cold winter mornings.
In a unique approach, the researchers combined mid-frequency magnetron
sputtering with a chemical reaction. The glass substrate is heated in a
reactor and coated and then, in the course of magnetron sputtering,
accelerated ions of inert gas 'shoot' atoms out of a zinc-aluminium
plate. The metal atoms are deposited on the substrate in a vacuum.
For this coating to become both electrically conductive and
transparent, the zinc needs to be oxidised, so that the aluminium and
zinc atoms bond together. 'We are now working to produce contacts for
thin-film solar cells', comments Dr Bernd Szyszka of the IST.
'Transparent and electrically conductive coatings are also needed for
flat monitor screens and electrically switchable window panes for
buildings'.
This brought about the idea for the windshields. 'A prerequisite for
use of these coatings systems', Szyszka continues, 'is to convert
the operating voltage for cars from 12 to 24 or even 42 volts' - a
conversion that is expected over the next two to four years to improve
the configuration of electronic systems in motor vehicles.
Technically, the coatings can also function at low power, but
manufacturing costs are then extremely high. With a higher voltage,
thinner coatings suffice - which can be produced at substantially lower
cost.
The advantage of the IST process is that it is exceptionally stable in
operation, and the coatings can be applied rapidly and inexpensively.
The IST researchers are presently using an industrial scale plant to
coat glass substrates of up to 0.6 to 1m in size.
buy your nano particles here
http://www.nanophase.com/catalog/index.asp?DEPARTMENT_ID=38
I am no chemist but I assume that the reason you blow the vapor between
the glass plates is so that they are sufficiently coated.
and Dude I hope you wear a respirator when you play with this stuff.
I'd quite using the tin chloride if I were you.
Zinc and tin oxide are much less toxic.
Zinc is not considered to be toxic, but when freshly formed ZnO is
inhaled a disorder known as the oxide shakes or zinc chills sometimes
occurs. It is recommended that where zinc oxide is encountered good
ventilation be provided to avoid concentration exceeding 5 mg/m^3,
(time-weighted over an 8-hour exposure, 40-hour work week
Zinc oxide is dirt cheap.