t e m p o r a l 

The Levelland Sightings Of 1957 by Antonio F. Rullán: References and Sources

^[2] Donald Keyhoe, UFO’s: Top Secret, G.P. Putnam’s Sons, New York, 1960,  p. 114-117, 133-135

^[3] Allen Hynek, The UFO Experience, Henry Regnery Co., Chicago, 1972, Appendix 1, pages 239-240

^[4] Allen Hynek, The UFO Experience, Henry Regnery Co., Chicago, 1972, page 127

^[5] Jacques Vallee, UFO Enigma: Challenge to Science, p. 158

^[6] Jacques Vallee, Anatomy of a Phenomenon, p. 193, Ace Star Books, New York, 1965

^[7] Jacques Vallee, Forbidden Science, North Atlantic Books, Berkeley CA, 1992, p. 85-86

^[8] Ronald Story, Sightings: UFOs and the Limits of Science, p. 155, Quill, NY,  1981

^[9] Richard Hall, The UFO Evidence, 1964, New Edition by Barnes & Noble Books –1997, p. 168-169

^[10] James E. McDonald, UFOs and Science:  The Collected Writings of Dr. James E. McDonald, Compiled and Edited by Valerie Vaughn, FUROR, Maryland, 1995: (UFOs: Greatest Scientific Problem of Our Times?, Presentation at the 1967 Annual meeting of the American Society of Newspaper Editors, Washington, DC, April 22, 1967

^[11] James E. McDonald, UFOs and Science: The Collected Writings of Dr. James E. McDonald, Compiled and Edited by Valerie Vaughn, FUROR, Maryland, 1995: (p. 47) UFO’s-Atmospheric or Extraterrestrial?  Abstract of talk to Chicago Chapter of the American Meteorological Society, May 31, 1968; (p. 136-139) UFOs-An International Scientific Problem, presented March 12, 1968 at he Canadian Aeronautics and Space Institute Astronautics Symposium, Montreal, Canada; (p. 95-98) Chronological List of Some UFO cases of Interest, March 13, 1967); (p. 189-191) UFOs: Greatest Scientific Problem of Our Times? Presentation at the 1967 Annual meeting of the American Society of Newspaper Editors, Washington, DC, April 22, 1967

^[12] The Flying Saucers and the Straight-Line Mystery, Criterion Books, 1958, Appendix by Alexander D. Mebane,  p. 237

^[13] UFO Reports Involving Vehicle Interference:  A Catalogue and Data Analysis, Mark Rodeghier, Center for UFO Studies, 1981

^[14] Alamogordo Daily News, “Harvard Expert Brushes Off UFOs: Another Saucer Scare”, Nov. 6, 1957,   p. 5, Washington, Associated Press

^[15] The World of Flying Saucers, Donald H. Menzel & Lyle G. Boyd, Doubleday & Co., 1963, p. 179

^[16] Ibid., p. 188

^[17] Ibid., p. 189-190

^[18] The Report on Unidentified Flying Saucers, Edward J. Ruppelt, Doubleday & Co. Inc., 2^nd Edition, 1959, p. 254

¹⁰ Ibid., p. 258

^[19] The Levelland Daily Sun News, November 5, 1957, Source:  Loren Gross, UFOs: A History 1957 November 3^rd-5^th , p. 63

^[20] Phone interview with Newell Wright on June 21, 1999, 37 min audio-tape interview by A.F. Rullan

^[21] Air Intelligence Information Report, AISS-UFOB-386-57, Prepared by William P. Brunson, Lt. Colonel, USAF, 1006^th AISS, Ent AFB, Colorado, Levelland Investigator was Sgt. Norman P. Barth, NCOIC UFO Section of the 1006^th AISS

^[22] Dallas Morning News, Nov. 6, 1957, “Air Force Looking Into Texas Thing”, from Dallas News Staff and Wire Reports, p. 1 and 3

^[23] Lubbock Evening Journal, Nov. 4, 1957, p. 10

^[24] Hockley County News-Press, “Twenty-five Years Ago UFO visited Levelland”, Nov. 4, 1982, p. 1 & 2,  by Beverly Taylor and Rick Lee,

^[25] Lubbock Morning Avalanche, Nov. 4, 1957, p. 1 and 10, “Levelland Flaming Thing Brings World Knocking at City’s Door”, by Bill Wilkerson

^[26] Lubbock Morning Avalanche, Nov. 4, 1957, p. 1 and 10, “Levelland Flaming Thing Brings World Knocking at City’s Door”, by Bill Wilkerson

^[27] Air Intelligence Information Report, AISS-UFOB-386-57, Prepared by William P. Brunson, Lt. Colonel, USAF, 1006^th AISS, Ent AFB, Colorado, (19 pages), Levelland Investigator was Sgt. Norman P. Barth, NCOIC UFO Section of the 1006^th AISS (Source: CUFOS file on Levelland)

^[28] Phone interview with A.J. Fowler on June 21, 1999, 50 min audio-tape interview by A.F. Rullan

^[29] Lubbock Morning Avalanche, Nov. 4, 1957, p. 1 and 10, “Levelland Flaming Thing Brings World Knocking at City’s Door”, by Bill Wilkerson

^[30] The Fifth Horseman of the Apocalypse UFOs: A History, 1957: November 3^rd to 5^th ,by Loren E. Gross, 1997, p. 3

^[31] CUFOS file on Levelland, 1 page memo to file from Sgt. Norman P. Barth, February 19, 1958, titled: “Prime Source in Levelland UFO Case”,

^[32] Civilian Saucer Intelligence News, “USAF vs. UFO: How the Air Force Slew the Flying-Saucer Dragons”,  date?, CSI Files at CUFOS

^[33] The Levelland Daily Sun News, November 6, 1957, “At Day In the Sun”, Newspaper clipping located in UFO: A History 1957, November 6^th , by Loren E. Gross,  p. 13

^[34] The El Paso Times, Nov. 4, 1957, “Mystery Object Stalls Autos in West Texas, p. 1 and 2, by Associated Press Wire from Levelland

^[35] Phone interview with A.J. Fowler on June 21, 1999, 50 min audio-tape interview by A.F. Rullan

^[36] Lubbock Morning Avalanche, Nov. 4, 1957, “Levelland Flaming Thing Brings World Knocking at City’s Door”, by Bill Wilkerson, p. 1 and 10

^[37] MUFON Field Investigator’s Manual, Mutual UFO Network, Inc., 4^th Edition, 1995, p. 216

^[38] Witness’ unreliability in judging distances has been well documented by Allan Hendry in his book The UFO Handbook where he summarizes his findings from evaluating 1,307 UFO reports.                  The UFO Handbook, Allan Hendry, Doubleday & Co., 1979, p. 93-103

^[39] The reported Location of Wheeler’s sighting differs according to source.  The Forth Worth Star Telegram reported that it was at the intersection of Highway 51 and a farm road eight miles North of Levelland, while the Lubbock Avalanche Journal reported that it happened 4 miles East of Levelland on Hwy. 116.

^[40] The reported Location of Alvarez’ sighting differs according to source.  The Forth Worth Star Telegram reported that it was 4 miles East of Levelland near the Lubbock Highway, while the Lubbock Avalanche Journal reported that it happened 10 miles north and slightly east of Levelland.

^[41] The reported Location of William’s sighting differs slightly according to source.  The Forth Worth Star Telegram reported that it was 4 miles North of Levelland on Route 51 while the Lubbock Avalanche Journal reported that it was closer to Whitharral about 10 miles north of Levelland.

^[42] Fort Worth Star-Telegram, Nov. 4, 1957, “Whatnik Sidelines Sputnik, Woofnik”, Star-Telegram writer George Dolan, p.1-2

^[43] Fort Worth Star-Telegram, Nov. 4, 1957, “Whatnik Sidelines Sputnik, Woofnik”, Star-Telegram writer George Dolan, p.1-2

^[44] There is disagreement on whether Mr. Long saw a bright object sitting on the road or a dark object that turned it light on.  The Forth Worth Star Telegram of Nov. 4, 1957, reported that Long saw an object with its light off while the Associated Press Wire from Levelland reported that he saw a brilliant, egg-shaped mass sitting on the road.

^[45] Berliner, Don, “The Levelland Sightings:, Official UFO, January 1976, p. 46

^[46] Miller, Max B. “The Great Saucer Flap of 1957” Saucers, Winter 1957-1958, Vol. V, No. 2, p.5 (Also in  UFOs a History: 1957 November 3^rd-5th, by Loren Gross, p.3)

^[47] The Amarillo Daily News, November 4, 1957, “Object Lands on Highway”, by Regional, AP and UP Sources

^[48] Las Cruces Sun News, Nov. 7, 1957, p. 9,   “Reports of Objects Unabated”, by Associated Press-Colorado Springs, CO

^[49] UFO’s: a History 1957 - November 3^rd-5^th, by Loren E. Gross, p. 62 and 73

^[50] Telegram from Commander of 1006^th to Assistant Chief of Staff Intelligence at AF Headquarters and to ATIC Commander at Wright Patterson AFB, Source:  CUFOS Files on Levelland

^[51] CUFOS’ file on Levelland, 3 page summary from ATIC titled: “Levelland, Texas: 2,3, and 4 November 1957”

^[52] CUFOS’ file on Levelland, 3 page summary from ATIC titled: “Levelland, Texas: 2,3, and 4 November 1957”

^[53] CUFOS’ file on Levelland, 3 page summary from ATIC titled: “Levelland, Texas: 2,3, and 4 November 1957”

^[54] CUFOS’s file on Levelland, one page memo from J. Allen Hynek discussing the Levelland Case (no date)

^[55] The UFO Experience, J. Allen Hynek, 1972 , Henry Regnery Co., Chicago IL, p. 127

^[56] Letter from Captain George T. Gregory to Air Science Division requesting review of Levelland Case, December, 4, 1957 (Located in CUFOS File for Levelland)

^[57] CUFOS’ file on Levelland, one page memo from Capt. G.T. Gregory, January 3, 1958, titled “Analyst’s Comments or Conclusions:  Ball Lightning”

^[58] Blue Book memo titled “Levelland, Texas Blue Light Case – 2 November 1957”, in CUFOS’ file on Levelland

^[59] James E. McDonald, UFOs and Science:  The Collected Writings of Dr. James E. McDonald, p. 190, Compiled and Edited by Valerie Vaughn, FUROR, Maryland, 1995:

(UFOs: Greatest Scientific Problem of Our Times? Presentation at the 1967 Annual meeting of the American Society of Newspaper Editors, Washington, DC, April 22, 1967

^[60] Letter from Troy Morris to Dr. J.E. McDonald on May 11, 1966, Source:  UFOs: A History – 1957 November 13^th-30^th, by Loren E. Gross, p. 27

^[61] Letter from James McDonald to Richard Hall, October 5, 1966, Source:  CUFOS file on Levelland

^[62] Levelland Daily Sun-News,  November 5, 1957

^[63] Lubbock Morning Avalanche, Nov. 4, 1957, p. 1, “Rains Douse South Plains”

^[64] Ibid.

^[65] The El Paso Times, November 3, 1957, “Rains, Cold Hit Texas Saturday”, by the Associated Press

^[66] Fort Worth Star Telegram, November 4, 1957, “Light Rains to Continue During Today, Bureau Says”,  p. 1

^[67] Local Climatological Data, Lubbock, Texas, November 1957, US Department of Commerce, Weather Bureau, Source of Document:  Office of the Texas State Climatologist

^[68] Local Climatological Data, Lubbock, Texas, November 1957, US Department of Commerce, Weather Bureau, Source of Document:  Office of the Texas State Climatologist

^[69] Climatological Data for Texas, November 1957, Volume LXII, No. 11, Table 3: Daily Precipitation, Source:  US Department of Commerce, National Climatic Data Center, Asheville, North Carolina

^[70] Lubbock Evening Journal, November, 4, 1957, “Area Mystified by Thing”, p. 1 & 10,

^[71] Dallas Star Morning News, November 6, 1957, “Air Force Looking Into Texas Thing”, p. 1 & 3

^[72] Levelland Daily Sun News, Nov. 17, 1957, p. 1 “Weather Phenomenon? Clem Vows What He Saw Sure Wasn’t”

^[73] El Paso Herald Post, Nov. 4, 1957, p. 12,  “El Paso Couple Saw Strange Flying Objects”, p. 12, by Virginia Turner)

^[74] Alamogordo Daily News, “WSPG Pickets Mark Fireball At Trinity Site”, Nov. 5, 1957, p.1 and p. 6

^[75] El Paso Times, Nov. 4, 1957, “Mystery Object Stalls Autos in West Texas”, p.1 and p.2, by Associated Press in Levelland

^[76] Ball Lightning and Bead Lightning, James Dale Barry, Plenum Press, New York, 1980

^[77] The Nature of Ball Lightning, Stanley Singer, Plenum Press, New York, 1971

^[78] CUFOS’ file on Levelland, one page memo from Capt. G.T. Gregory, January 3, 1958, titled “Analyst’s Comments or Conclusions:  Ball Lightning”

^[79] The Nature of Ball Lightning, Stanley Singer, Plenum Press, New York, 1971, p. 146

^[80] Ibid., p. 62, 146

^[81] Ball Lightning and Bead Lightning, James Dale Barry, Plenum Press, New York, 1980, p. 9

^[82] Lightning, Volume 1 Physics of Lightning, Edited by R. Golde, Academic Press, London, 1977, Chapter 12, “Ball Lightning” by Stanley Singer, p. 414

^[83] The Nature of Ball Lightning, Stanley Singer, Plenum Press, New York, 1971, Figure 19, p. 66,

^[84] Handbook of Unusual Natural Phenomena, William R. Corliss, p. 21-22, Arlington House, New York, 1986

^[85] Air Intelligence Information Report, AISS-UFOB-386-57, Prepared by William P. Brunson, Lt. Colonel, USAF, 1006^th AISS, Ent AFB, Colorado, (19 pages),  (Source: CUFOS file on Levelland)

^[86] James E. McDonald, UFOs and Science: The Collected Writings of Dr. James E. McDonald, Compiled and Edited by Valerie Vaughn, p. 191, FUROR, Maryland, 1995: (UFOs: Greatest Scientific Problem of Our Times? Presentation at the 1967 Annual meeting of the American Society of Newspaper Editors, Washington, DC, April 22, 1967

^[87] Scientific Study of Unidentified Flying Objects,  Edited by Daniel S. Gilmore, Bantam Books, New York, 1968,  p. 749, (Study conducted by the University of Colorado and directed by  Dr. Edward U. Condon under contract to the United States Air Force)

^[88] Ibid.

^[89] CUFOS’ file on Levelland, 3 page summary from ATIC titled: “Levelland, Texas: 2,3, and 4 November 1957”

^[90] “UFO Interference with Vehicles and Self-Starting Engines”, James M. McCampbell,  (MUFON UFO Symposium Proceedings, Huntington Hotel, Pasadena, 1975)