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From: Gary <galevy@pipeline.com>
Date: Tue, 05 Aug 1997 01:17:59 -0400
Fwd Date: Tue, 05 Aug 1997 08:48:09 -0400
Subject: UFOSearch #9 part 3/4: Science,
This is part three of the ninth essay by UFOSearch.
This essay is being published for the first time on
the UFO UpDate mail list.
NOTE: These essays are posted with the permission of
the author, Val Germann. If you would like to correspond
with him I have arranged a temporary internet email address
that will forward the correspondence to him. This is not
a permanent email address. The address is:
ufosearch@pipeline.com
Commentary:
My readers may remember that in the introduction to
part one of this essay I promised that the author
would "tread where most writers on the UFO phenomenon
don't dare". In part three we venture into the hall of
mirrors, where people are not always who they seem to be
and very little is certain except uncertainty. Some
readers may be offended by inferences made by the author;
however, those offended should be carefully read the fine
print in the Notes section before setting phasers on stun!
Gary Alevy
--------------------------------------------------------------
Science, Counterintelligence And UFOs
Val Germann
Columbia, Missouri
(C) 1997
Part Three of Four
The Counterintelligence Use Of Research And Analysis
In Small-Scale UFO Investigations
In Parts 1 & 2 of this series I outlined my reasons for adopting
a counterintelligence (CI) model for UFO research. In a
nutshell, I maintained that the assumptions of science about an
objective universe were made null and void if another
intelligence were in fact operating here on the Earth with us.
I concluded that because of this fundamental problem UFO
researchers needed more than science, they needed counter-
intelligence. I then went on to show that here in America human
CI is a very complicated affair, involving not only our
intelligence agencies but even academics at famous colleges and
universities, all united (from time to time) in domestic spying
operations against U.S. citizens. Part Two of this series ended
with a statement concerning a needed investigation of the elites
of human society, economic, social and military.
Thus here in Part Three we will return to the "people" aspect
of CI and how that relates to the UFO arena. The method here
will be a version of "Research & Analysis" (R&A) as used by the
Office Of Strategic Services (OSS) during World War II. Then,
in Part Four, I will evaluate scenarios that are purported
to explain the phenomena we associate with the "UFO."
Research & Analysis
The history of OSS' Research & Analysis section in
association with UFO investigation is relevant to several ways,
some that are not obvious. [18] Important to me is the fact that
the OSS was overwhelmingly 1) male; 2) middle-class to upper-
middle class and 3) white. If the preceding does not sum
up the prevailing social mix in "ufology" today then I do not
know what does. American ufology is solidly white and middle-
class in its world view and general social ideology, which can be
a huge problem. That is, some of the general obtuseness one can
sometimes find in white, middle-class society can lead to blind
spots in certain very important areas relevant to UFO research.
One of these blind-spots we have already discussed, that is the
"intelligence community" penetration of UFO groups in the past.
This subject is simply not ever broached in the upper (more
academic) reaches of ufology. [19] But it goes far beyond this.
Certain topics have in the past been "a priori" ruled out for
years by mainstream "ufology" and its middle-class, sometimes-
blinkered outlook. The whole subject of direct human/alien
interaction is an example here. [20] Also, the concerns of
one-half of the human race, women, are only now getting any
consideration at all. We will be returning to this aspect in our
scenario analysis in Part Four.
In any event, what do you suppose the chances are that the "UFO
operators" share the values of middle-class, suburban, white,
middle-aged men? I would think they're very small, wouldn't you?
It is because of the above considerations that we must be very
careful in using R&A in the UFO arena. We must not let our human
social biases narrow our field. And when it comes to analysis,
we must keep as wide an angle of view as possible. We must never
forget that the "UFO" could be more mysterious than we can handle
no matter how careful we are. So, we must be VERY careful.
Early in the book CLOAK & GOWN, the author states that: "Research
and analysis are at the heart of intelligence." This is because
R&A can provide 90 to 95 percent of the relevant information
(even in wartime) and it is this information that provides the
context for the "secret intelligence" (documents and such)
ferreted out by spies and agents in place. Without R&A "secret
documents" cannot speak, cannot be interpreted, certainly not
correctly. Beyond even this, at the very core of top-secret
programs there usually ARE NO DOCUMENTS, as was true of the
Manhattan Project, where the most secret orders were verbal,
a deliberate policy decision on the part of General Groves.
Security for the Manhattan Project was provided by the Army
Counter Intelligence Corps, it is the Corp personnel who figure
prominently in the events surrounding the Roswell incident.[21]
Many people believe that there exists a "magic bullet" in the
form of "secret documents" that spell out in plain English what
is going on at the secret heart of some clandestine government
project. But this is hardly ever true and the search for such a
holy grail can be a wasteful distraction from the hard work of
research and analysis, without which it is impossible to evaluate
any "secret document," should you ever actually find one.
It is the function of counterintelligence R&A to sift out the:
1) interesting; 2) significant; and 3) correct information from
the flood of material generated in the world at any given time.
This is not easy, during peace or war. And if an opponent is
putting out false or misleading information (misinformation or
disinformation), well, the problems are compounded.
As practiced by the Office of Strategic Services, Research and
Analysis consisted of collectors, evaluators, scenario men and,
finally, report producers. It began with a survey of what already
existed, which, as it turned out, wasn't much, and then went on to
collect what its resident scholars thought necessary. Here was the
crucial first step: What To Collect? Well, at first you try to
collect everything!
Thus OSS was trying to index and collate thousands of pages of
information per DAY by the end of 1941. By the middle of 1942
they were contracting out various collection jobs to civilian
universities, such as Stanford, Cal Berkeley, Columbia, Princeton
and Yale. No surprise here since the overwhelming majority of
OSS men were from the Ivy League, and most of them from Yale.
History and economics dominated the OSS R&A bureau. The crying
need was for an estimate of the capabilities of the enemy
countries and where those capabilities lay. For instance, the
invasion of North Africa in 1942 required an enormous effort on
the part of OSS in collecting and distributing information to the
military on the geography of the place, as well as on the culture
and societies of the people who lived there. This type of thing
was in constant demand throughout the war as U.S. forces pushed
their way around the globe.
The denizens of R&A did some amazing things. Using the serial
numbers from destroyed German tanks and combining them with
information garnered from the German press (smuggled to the U.S.
through Sweden and Norway), OSS was able to determine with great
accuracy the numbers of German tanks produced. The German press
also gave information about the Eastern Front from the obituaries
it published as the war proceeded. The R&A economists were able
to use open sources to determine which rail lines the Germans
were using to ship petroleum, and fighter bombers were vectored
to those lines using that information.
The output of R&A was an important check on the information
produced using electronic and human intelligence in
World War II. That is, material returned by spies could have
been (and sometimes WAS) part of a deception campaign, as could have
been intercepted radio signals. The picture built up by R&A gave the
analysts of OSS an independent way to judge the accuracy of
secret intelligence, something of overwhelming importance during
a shooting war.
At the higher levels of the OSS debates were conducted on the nature
of R&A itself and about the relevance of "objectivity." Some
held that the collector and analyst should hold no beliefs at all
and make no judgments, a position that Arthur Schlesinger thought
was nonsense since all good research involved both. Many within
R&A held that the independent judgment of one analyst, who had
steeped himself in the subject, was the most reliable method to
determine such imponderables as "intentions from capabilities"
vis-a-vis a particular nation.
Research and analysis is the technique that most closely resembles
what the lone UFO investigator can do. He can steep himself in the
subject, try to collect everything relevant, and then be fearless in
where that material leads him. This may sound like "no big deal," but
for those who take the work seriously it is anything but trivial.
In many cases the information relevant to the UFO can lead down
rabbit holes where no respectable person would want to go. But
down the hole the investigator he must go or he will not have the
perspective needed to judge the relevance of information. As for
me, I began serious UFO work in 1987 and by the end of 1991 I had
assembled a great deal of information into a UFO chronology, a
"chron" in intelligence terms. This was to prove very useful
indeed in organizing information and evaluating the constant
stream of material produced in the UFO field.
By the beginning of 1992 I had examined several hundred books
(buying more than 250 for a personal library) and had read
hundreds of articles in various journals and magazines. I also
had performed a few small-scale investigations and followed up
local leads whenever I could. It took about three years for this
to reach "critical mass" and I could at last begin writing small
essays that made sense both to me and to others.
As I continued this research I began to wonder about the back-
grounds of the well-known figures in the UFO arena. My look into
U.S. intelligence had shown that most of these people were alumni
of one elite school or another and that many of them were well-
born, even wealthy. Would the "UFO men" fit in with this group?
That is, were those prominent in UFO investigation mostly
associated with small public colleges or state universities, and
during World War II were most of them ROTC cadets or enlisted
men who had served in military backwaters -- or were they a lot
more interesting than that? Could they even BEGIN to fit into
the group of government employees and academics we have already
looked at in this paper, those high up in the world of secret
science, intelligence and counterintelligence? I had no idea.
But if it were true that the "UFO men" resembled "somebodies" and
not "nobodies," well, that was significant.
Thus, when I began my background work it was mainly for the
record. That is, I had no particular reason to think that their
histories would be all that interesting, but it was something
that had to be done. Well, I was in for a little surprise as I
began to gather biographical information about the careers of
those prominent in the UFO world, where they went to school and
who they had worked for, at least publicly.
Among the elite institutions in American science are Yale,
Harvard, Princeton, Stanford, Johns Hopkins, Cal Tech, M.I.T. and
The University of Chicago. All of them have significant
connections into the world of intelligence and counter-
intelligence. In England the elite schools are at Cambridge and
Oxford where the connections into British military intelligence
are equally strong. All of the U.S. institutions above were
founded all or in part by wealthy donors and ALL are supported by
the Foundation System, an interlocking group of agencies, backed
by huge blocks of stock in our largest corporations, which truly
rules the roost in academia today. [22] Of the public figures
associated with UFOs, I was surprised to find that many, many of
them had, not degrees from some state university (as I do) but
sheepskins from these named elite institutions, as well as
contacts in the world of secret science and counterintelligence.
These connections clearly show, to those who will take the time
to look, that U.S. science serves a dual role in our culture and
very often finds its practitioners doing things that would shock
and even horrify the rest of us. None of this was generally
known until the 1970s and Watergate, which opened many doors.
Those we discuss below may be heroes, they may be villains, we
don't really know yet, nor can we know. We are in the realm of
counterintelligence and it is often not possible to know if
someone's public persona is in fact the TRUE person! And don't
forget that the winners write the history, making the glass
sometimes very dark indeed.
We can start with Donald Menzel (Harvard), who was a famous solar
astronomer and a top-secret National Security Agency consultant
[23] at the same time he was excoriating Donald Keyhoe (himself
an Annapolis graduate and long-time government official) and
other "believers" in UFOs. [24] We can continue with Allen
Hynek, who was closely associated with Menzel academically, and
who spent time both at Johns Hopkins (where he worked on the top
secret proximity fuse) and at the University Of Chicago, where he
got his PhD. [25]
Hynek's secret investigations of his fellow astronomers are now
matters of public record. For years he headed the satellite
trackers for the Smithsonian Institution and thus was the one the
press and Congress asked about those UFO reports from the
tracking network, which were always denied. As mentioned
earlier, Hynek was number two in the mid-1950s Moonwatch Program,
in which hundreds of civilians tracked satellites using small
telescopes. Dr. James McDonald accused Hynek of lying to
Congress about the capabilities of the 1960s radar satellite
tracking network, linked to NORAD and the military. Dr. La Paz,
meteor expert at New Mexico State University and a military
consultant, also accused Hynek of being part of a large-scale
cover-up, in the wake of the Zamorra affair in 1964. [26]
Jacques Vallee, trained in France in astronomy, came to the USA
in the 1960s and was a protege of Allen Hynek for many years.
Vallee became interested in computers early in his career and has
worked in computing for Northwestern, Shell Oil and Stanford,
where, at Stanford existed a node of the Defense Advanced
Research Projects Agency Network, DARPAnet, which became, over
time, you guessed it, the InterNet. [27]
Dr. James McDonald was an M.I.T. grad, taught at Chicago and had
secret Navy projects on his resume when he died. [28] Well-known
ufologist Ivan Sanderson was a Navy counterintelligence officer
during World War II and had earned a degree from Cambridge. [29]
Charles Berlitz (Bermuda Triangle, Philadelphia Experiment) was
independently wealthy, earned a degree from Yale and was in the
U.S. Counter Intelligence Corps during World War II. [30]
Thornton Page, member of the Robertson Committee and a secret
scientist, got his degree from Oxford, in England, and then
taught at the University of Chicago. During World War II he was
a Commander in the U.S. Navy. [31] Silas Newton, a source for
Scully's composite character Dr. Gee, was a very wealthy oil man
and a Yale graduate. [32] Desmond Leslie, George Adamski's ghost
writer, was a graduate of a posh British school and a wealthy
cousin of Winston Churchill. [33]
George Van Tassell, a '50s contactee, was a personal flight
instructor for Howard Hughes from 1941 through 1943. [34] The
Hughes companies have made the drill bits for every American oil
rig in the world dating from the 1920s when Howard's father
invented the things. By 1955 The Hughes Companies had become a
manufacturing arm of the CIA and NSA. [35] The mid-50s also saw
two of that era's most well-known ufologists, Jim and Coral
Lorenzen, founders of the Aerial Phenomenon Research Organization
(APRO), both working in sensitive positions at the White Sands
rocket base. [36]
Dr. Howard P. Robertson, head of the Robertson Panel that white-
washed UFOs in 1953, was in charge of Operation Paper Clip which
brought the German rocket scientists to the USA after World War II.
He was quite willing to work with those who had been SS officers at
Mittelwerke, where slave laborers were worked to death by the
thousands.
For more than twenty years Robertson helped develop weapons for the
American military and intelligence agencies. [37] Lloyd Berkner,
another member of the Robertson panel and an "objective
scientist," was a member of secret CIA and NSA advisory groups
for more than two decades, was the "father of the International
Geophysical Year" (during which the first U.S. satellite was
launched) and made a great deal of money from the space program
and as a director of Texas Instruments. [38]
Even Stanton Friedman, of "Cosmic Watergate" fame, is a veteran
of top-secret military nuclear programs and a Chicago University
grad. [39] UFO debunker James Oberg got his start in the Air
Force at Kirtland AFB's top-secret nuclear weapons lab. Oberg is
a Northwestern grad (near the University of Chicago) and Oberg
was there at the same time Dr. Hynek headed Northwestern's
astronomical observatory. Kirtland AFB is, some say, home to
several secret UFO programs. [40]
It is a fact the world of elite power in the USA includes the top
echelons of science and the leaders of the various top-secret
intelligence groups. Detlev Bronk, for many years one of the
most influential scientists in the USA, was also for years
president of Rockefeller University, where human genome programs
are currently running and funds are more than adequate. [41]
Averell Harriman, former governor of New York (just before Nelson
Rockefeller) for many years had enormous influence within CIA,
especially so during the post-Watergate era when CIA was in
trouble (and George Bush was Director of Central Intelligence!).
[42] And it was no coincidence that Nelson Rockefeller headed the
commission that Gerald Ford appointed to investigate the Agency
in 1975. There was no one better qualified since Nelson and his
family had helped found OSS and CIA in the 1940s. [43]
Thus it is clear that many of the well-known figures in the UFO
community have connections to elite institutions and/or elite
individuals. At the very least this indicates, in this writer's
opinion, high-powered interest in the UFO phenomenon, something
amply depicted in Ruppelt's aforementioned book, "The Report On
Unidentified Flying Objects." He is blunt about the interest
among "great men" of the scientific, industrial and military
worlds, something all subsequent reviewers of his book have
managed to miss. [44]
It became public in the mid-1990s that Laurance Rockefeller,
active in American national affairs since the middle 1930s and
THE man in the high-tech, venture-capital arm of his family, is
interested in the abduction phenomenon and UFOs in general. He
has held a conference on UFOs at his ranch, is one of those
financing John Mack's work through PEER, and has funded other
personalities in the paranormal field, including Scott Jones and
Stephen Greer. [45] Rockefeller was also the prime mover behind
the "Best Available Evidence" document that was presented to
members of Congress in late 1995.
This is not surprising to me and I suspect that Rockefeller
interest greatly predates this public entry into the arena. Is
such a thing far-fetched? I do not think so. If you look at the
preface of the Condon Report you will see that two of the eleven
members of the American Association for the Advancement of Science
panel that vouched for its accuracy were on the faculty of Rockefeller
University. [46]
In closing this section, it is obvious to this writer that the
"UFO" is important, very important, and there is little doubt
that if this is true then those who are in nominal charge of our
civilization are not just sitting back calmly observing events
but instead are trying to find out what is going on--with a view
toward taking action if action seems to be required.
***
Notes To Part Three
[18] CLOAK AND GOWN (see note [7]) is the source for most of the
information on Research & Analysis in the Office of Strategic
Services. See especially pages 71 to 91.
[19] See again AMERICA'S SECRET POWER, note [13], page 147, "The
CIA And The Groves Of Academy," for this quote from a former
member of the CIA Operations Directorate, "We exploit our
territory [the campuses] as effectively as possible." On
page 301, in a note relating to this subject, Johnson says that
the CIA funded research centers on individual campuses and paid
for foreign travel on the part of cooperating academics. Harvard
professor Richard Pipes is quoted as saying that the CIA
analytical bureaus are "filled with American PhDs in all of the
sciences," hard and soft, and with engineers. In this writer's
personal case, I was once a teaching assistant for a professor
who was a former OSS man and was continuing to provide
information to the government into the middle 1980s.
[20] For instance, UFO abductions were a hot topic in South
America a full decade before becoming generally known in the
United States -- even though the Lorenzens, Jim and Coral, were
receiving information from about 1955. See FLYING SAUCER
OCCUPANTS, New American Library, 1967, for most of the story.
This book "caught up" American ufology on what the Lorenzens had
been unable to publish since the middle 1950s.
[21] See THE DECISION TO USE THE ATOMIC BOMB, Gar Alperovitz,
Alfred A. Knopf, New York, 1995, for the story of how General
Groves set up information security inside the Manhattan Project.
Pages 601-606 are particularly instructive. It seems that Groves
created a system under which the most important orders were given
verbally and transmitted by messengers. Then, if a report were
necessary, it was hand-written, if possible, and only one copy
was allowed to exist. Groves took thousands of documents with
him when he left the project and these documents have never been
seen by any researcher. The important item is that at the very
core of the project there were no documents, only verbal orders.
See CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AND NATIONAL SECURITY,
Harry Rowe Ransom, or information on the Army Counter Intelligence
Corp role in providing security for the Manhattan Project, page 102.
[22] Ferdinand Lundberg lays this out most forcefully in his two
tremendous books, AMERICA'S SIXTY FAMILIES and THE RICH AND THE
SUPER RICH (see note [17] above). Chapter X of FAMILIES is
called "Education for Profit and Tax Exemption." The 1920s saw
America's top college and universities become financial
extensions of vast fortunes and, as Lundberg says on page 377 of
FAMILIES, "These schools aim to turn out graduates of pecuniary
value to the upper class in its exploitation of American
society." See SUPER RICH, Chapter Ten, pages 382-432, entitled
"Philanthropic Vistas," for an update of foundation control of
U.S. higher education.
[23] See page 259 of ABOVE TOP SECRET, Timothy Good, William
Morrow, 1988. The information of Menzel was first developed by
Stanton Friedman. Good's book is dedicated to Donald Keyhoe.
[24] On page 171 of Margaret Sachs' 1980 THE UFO ENCYCLOPEDIA,
Perigee Books, is an excellent summary of Keyhoe's career.
Sachs' book is a relatively small and packs a great deal of
useful information into one volume. Highly recommended. Good's
ABOVE TOP SECRET also contains much information about Keyhoe and
his involvement in UFOs.
[25] See pages 153-154 of Margaret Sachs THE UFO ENCYCLOPEDIA,
1980, for a fairly detailed look at Hynek's career. In Brad
Steiger's 1976 book PROJECT BLUEBOOK, page 268-310, there is re-
printed the report that Hynek did for the "Air Force" concerning
his fellow astronomers. He queried a large number of them in
1952 at a meeting the American Astronomical Society. The
astronomers were, as Hynek says, ". . .not aware that anything
more than a personal private talk between astronomers was going
on." In the middle 1950s Hynek visited Coral Lorenzen, along
with an Air Force officer, and as Mrs. Lorenzen said, "He let me
do all the talking." This is reported in THE GREAT FLYING SAUCER
HOAX, Coral Lornezen, William Fredricks Press, 1962, page 273.
As anyone who does much reading on the history of the UFO soon
realizes, Hynek was everywhere, talking to people and filing
reports. Yet Vallee says his files were a model of dis-
organization and were woefully incomplete. See page 254 of
Vallee's 1992 book FORBIDDEN SCIENCE for a look at the condition
of the files, kept in shoe boxes and wicker baskets. But all the
"real" information had to go somewhere, did it not? Was it
really all "lost?"
Hynek always had money, money to travel, money for telephone
calls, etc. Much of this money came to him through the
McGraw-Hill company, in fact, through a subsidiary, this
procedure known in some circles as money laundering, though not
of the "illegal" type (how could it be illegal since Hynek was
working for government!); it's just a little odd. All of this is
revealed on page 289 of FORBIDDEN SCIENCE. Vallee elsewhere
comments that by the early 1960s many, many people had forgotten
all about Hynek's former association with the Air Force and
assumed he was now simply a private citizen interested in UFOs.
[26] Hynek took a trip to Socorro, New Mexico, in March of 1965.
See THE PROJECT BLUEBOOK REPORT, Brad Steiger, Bantam Books,
1976, for the details. On page 128 begins a Hynek report (to
BlueBook, and to someone else?) on that visit, including a talk
with Dr. La Paz (Univ. of New Mexico) who still had not put the
Green Fireballs (1948-49) to rest and remained convinced that
they represented a secret program of some kind, more secret even
than the Manhattan Project. Hynek wrote that Dr. La Paz, and
many other people in both Socorro and Albuquerque, believed that
Hynek and his bosses in Dayton (Wright Field) were all part of a
massive government cover-up.
[27] The dust jacket of Vallee's CONFRONTATION, states that the
author was a former principal investigator on Department of
Defense Computer networking projects, this at Stanford. Vallee
got a phd in computer science at Northwestern (where Hynek was
director of the university observatory) in 1967. See Vallee's
interesting 1982 book THE NETWORK REVOLUTION for the view of a
computer networking veteran, years before the hoi polloi began to
roll onto the information superhighway.
[28] See note [5], Fullers' ALIENS IN THE SKIES, page 34, for
the credentials of Dr. McDonald. Looking closely at his career
you will see that this gentleman went from an assistant professor
to full professor in six years.
[29] Ivan Sanderson's life and career are summarized very well
in Sach's ENCYCLOPEDIA (see above). Born to a well-to-do family
in Scotland, a graduate of Eton and Cambridge, and then, during
World War II, a U.S. counterintelligence agent, Sanderson lived
several interesting lifetimes in only 62 years. See his 1967
book INVISIBLE RESIDENTS, pp. 119-120, for a glimpse into his Navy
career in counterintelligence.
[30] Berlitz was the grandson of the founder of the Berlitz
language schools, an organization with occasional relationships
with CIA. A Yale man (magna cum laude), 1936, he was also a U.S.
counterintelligence officer, in Europe and South America. Once
again, Sachs' ENCYCLOPEDIA supplies great information, p. 34.
[31] See Sachs, ENCYCLOPEDIA, page 237.
[32] In 1963, Frank Scully wrote a book called ARMOUR BRIGHT,
Chilton Publishing. Chapter 18 is entitled "Flying Saucers,
Where Are you," and here is discussed the origin of Scully's Dr.
Gee and other issues surrounding his BEHIND THE FLYING SAUCERS,
quoted on pages 130-143 in UFO CRASH AT AZTEC, Steinman and
Stevens, 1986, UFO Photo Archives, La Marda, California.
[33] Desmond Leslie was a very interesting fellow. See page 53
of ABOVE TOP SECRET for the information on his relationship to
Winston Churchill, to the other "royals" and the tidbit that he
was an RAF fighter pilot during World War II.
[34] See page 352 of Sachs' ENCYCLOPEDIA. Van Tassell is
another "minor" UFO figure, though he was world-famous in the
1950s and his Giant Rock get-togethers drew thousands.
[35] The Hughes Companies built billions of dollars worth of
equipment for CIA, and for The National Security Agency and
National Reconnaissance Office. See Chapter X, "The Soviet
Target Abroad," in AMERICAN ESPIONAGE AND THE SOVIET TARGET,
Jeffrey Richelson, William Morrow and Company, New York, 1987.
[36] Once again, Sachs' ENCYCLOPEDIA has excellent information
on these two. See pages 180 and 181.
[37] ABOVE TOP SECRET, page 336.
[38] Lloyd Berkner is also a very interesting person. He was a
Navy captain in World War II and a very early advocate of
putting up an artificial satellite. See THE HEAVENS AND THE
EARTH, Walter A. McDougal, Basic Books, 1985, for much useful
information on Dr. Berkner, who was good friend of the first NASA
administrator James Webb. Berkner had a great deal to do with
the promotion of manned space flight. See especially pp. 315-16.
[39] See Sach's, ENCYCLOPEDIA, pp. 115-116.
[40] Ibid, pp. 226-27.
[41] Detlev Bronk was very closely connected to the Rockefeller
family, serving as President of Rockefeller University and as a
trustee of the Rockefeller Brothers Fund. In 1969, Bronk
traveled to South America with Nelson Rockefeller and the
chairman of IBM, Arthur K. Watson, there to advise our friends to
the south as how they might "develop" the Amazon basin. Bronk
was by this time at the very pinnacle of "power science" in the
United States. See THY WILL BE DONE, Gerard Colby and Charlotte
Dennett, Harper-Collins, 1995, pages 511 and 634.
[42] George Herbert Walker (Walker Cup) Bush; Yale,'49; Skull &
Bones,'47, was the son of a "Bonesman" and a close associate of
Texas Oil magnate Clint Murchison. Bush has been a member of
both the Trilateral Commission and the Council On Foreign
Relations and was chairman of the Republican Party on the day
that Richard Nixon resigned the presidency. In reviewing his
life you will find a three-year span (1960-63) when not much
seems to be happening. In 1988, documents were discovered
linking a "George Bush" to the JFK assassination and the Bay of
Pigs, two events that occurred during this hiatus in Bush's life,
a hiatus that could cover CIA activity. Bush would be made
Director of Central Intelligence by Gerald Ford in 1976. See
"Shots From The Bushy Knoll," chapter 14, in CRIMES, COVER-UPS
AND CONSPIRACIES, Jonathan Vankin, Paragon House, 1991.
[43] See THE ROCKEFELLERS, A FAMILY DYNASTY, Peter Collier and
David Horowitz, Holt, Reinhardt & Winston, 1976. Of great
interest is Chapter 16. Nelson Rockefeller has had enormous
influence in U.S. "intelligence" since the 1930s. As a principal
owner among the Standard Oil companies, Nelson had contacts
around the world and financial or professional relationships with
John J. McCloy (DCI under Kennedy), C. Douglas Dillon (United
Fruit, Dillon & Read law firm), James Forrestal (SECDEF under
Truman, Dillon & Read law firm), Robert Paterson (SECDEF under
Ike), both of the Dulleses, John Foster and Allen, and Walt
Rostow, Zbigniew Brzezinski and Henry Kissinger, these last two
being former staffers of Nelson. In addition, Nelson ran his own
intelligence service in South America during World War II and
two of his cousins served in OSS, one of them as head of the
Research & Analysis branch.
[44] On page 115 of THE REPORT ON UNIDENTIFIED FLYING OBJECTS
Ruppelt speaks of the many scientists who got briefings on the
UFOs from the Air Force's Air Technical Intelligence Corps in
early 1952. He says the names read like a page from "Great Men
Of Science."
[45] Laurance and Greer, see the archives of the UFO Updates
listserve for June 3, 1997 for several messages concerning Greer
and Rockefeller, as well as another very well off person, one
Mrs. Galbraith, whose maiden name is DuPont.
[46] See pages VIII and IX of THE SCIENTIFIC STUDY OF
UNIDENTIFIED FLYING OBJECTS, Edward Condon, project director,
Bantam Books, 1969.
***
[End -- Part Three of Four]
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