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From: NASANews@hq.nasa.gov
Date: Wed, 28 Jul 1999 08:50:16 -0400 (EDT)
Fwd Date: Wed, 28 Jul 1999 16:55:14 -0400
Subject: Closest-Ever Asteroid Flyby Set For July 29


Douglas Isbell
Headquarters, Washington, DC    July 28, 1999
(Phone:  202/358-1547)

John G. Watson
Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, CA
(Phone:  818/354-0474)

RELEASE:  99-84

CLOSEST-EVER ASTEROID FLYBY SET FOR JULY 29

With its technology tests almost complete, NASA's Deep Space 1
mission is about to undertake the closest encounter with an
asteroid ever attempted when it flies within 10 miles (15
kilometers) of the newly named asteroid Braille on July 29.

Deep Space 1 will rely on its experimental autonomous navigation
system, called AutoNav, to guide the spacecraft past the
mysterious space rock at 12:46 a.m. EDT at a relative speed of
nearly 35,000 mph (56,000 kilometers per hour).

"Deep Space 1's main purpose is to test advanced technologies
for the benefit of future missions, so we view the flyby and its
science return as a bonus," said Dr. Marc Rayman, Deep Space 1's
chief mission engineer and deputy mission manager.  "This
ambitious encounter is a high-risk endeavor and its success is
by no means guaranteed.  But  should there be significant data
return, the findings will be of great interest to the science
community."

Asteroid Braille was previously known as 1992 KD.  The new name
was announced today by the Planetary Society, Pasadena, CA, as
the result of a contest that focused on inventor themes and drew
more than 500 entries from around the world.  The name honors
Louis Braille (1809-1852), the blind French educator who
developed the system of printing and writing named for him and
used extensively by the blind.

The winning entry was submitted by Kerry Babcock of Port Orange,
FL.  Eleanor Helin, who co-discovered the asteroid with fellow
astronomer Kenneth Lawrence, made the final decision on the
name.  Helin and Lawrence are astronomers at NASA's Jet
Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), Pasadena, CA, which also manages
Deep Space 1.

During the encounter, Deep Space 1 will be in the ecliptic plane
(the plane in which Earth and most other planets orbit the Sun),
moving more slowly than the asteroid, which will be progressing
up through the ecliptic plane from below.  It may well be more
appropriate to say that the asteroid will zoom by Deep Space 1
than the reverse.

The flyby will allow final testing of AutoNav, which enables the
spacecraft to use images of distant stars and asteroids within
our Solar System to keep track of its location in space and to
guide trajectory changes.  Deep Space 1 has successfully
completed tests of its 11 other new technologies.

The asteroid and the space environment surrounding it make
scientifically interesting targets for two advanced science
instruments aboard Deep Space 1.  During the flyby, a
spectrometer and imaging instrument will send back
black-and-white photographs and images taken in infrared light,
while a second instrument observes the three-dimensional
distribution of ions and electrons, or plasma, in the area.

In addition to their value for designing future missions, the
images and other data returned from this encounter will greatly
assist scientists in understanding the fundamental properties of
asteroids.  Although scientists believe Braille's diameter is
approximately 0.6 to 3 miles (1 to 5 kilometers), they know
little else about it.  With this flyby, they can learn more
about its shape, size, surface composition, mineralogy and
terrain.

Launched on Oct. 24, 1998, from Cape Canaveral Air Station, FL,
Deep Space 1 marked the first launch of NASA's New Millennium
Program, which tests and validates new technologies for future
space and Earth-observing missions.  The technologies that have
been tested on Deep Space 1 will help make future science
spacecraft smaller, less expensive and capable of more
independent decision-making so that they rely less on ground
controllers.

The mission has exceeded almost all of its technology validation
requirements by conducting more extensive tests than had been
planned.  As one dramatic example, the spacecraft's experimental
xenon ion engine, which was required to thrust for a minimum of
200 hours, has been operated for nearly 1,800 hours.

Deep Space 1 is budgeted at $152 million, including design,
development, launch and operations.  The mission is managed for
NASA's Office of Space Science by JPL, a division of the
California Institute of Technology.

                                 -end-

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